🔬 Class 11 Biology – Cell: The Unit of Life MCQs (15 Extremely Tough NEET 2026 Questions)

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✅ CLASS 11 BIOLOGY – CHAPTER-WISE ADVANCED MCQs
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🔬 CHAPTER 8 — CELL: THE UNIT OF LIFE
br>🔥 15 Extremely Tough, Long-Theory, Conceptual MCQs
Chapter 8 – Cell: The Unit of Life
Q81. A researcher isolates a cell that shows the following characteristics:

• Circular DNA without histones
• 70S ribosomes
• Respiratory enzymes located in plasma membrane
• Absence of membrane-bound organelles

Which is the MOST accurate conclusion?
  • A) It is a eukaryotic cell at early G1 phase
  • B) It is a mature RBC
  • C) It is a prokaryotic cell—likely a bacterium
  • D) It is a plant cell without plastids
Chapter 8 – Cell: The Unit of Life
Q82. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) differs from nuclear DNA because:

1. mtDNA is circular and intron-less
2. mtDNA is maternally inherited
3. mtDNA codes for some mitochondrial proteins
4. mtDNA has its own replication machinery

Which combination is correct?
  • A) Only 1 and 3
  • B) Only 2 and 4
  • C) All 1, 2, 3 and 4
  • D) Only 1 and 2
Chapter 8 – Cell: The Unit of Life
Q83. Assertion (A): Chloroplasts and mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles.
Reason (R): They possess ribosomes and DNA but cannot perform complete protein synthesis required for their functioning.
  • A) Both A and R true; R explains A
  • B) Both A and R true; R does NOT explain A
  • C) A true, R false
  • D) A false, R true
Chapter 8 – Cell: The Unit of Life
Q84. A scientist notes that a cell displays:

• Membranes with 80S ribosomes attached
• Lumen containing proteins destined for Golgi
• Flattened cisternae continuous with nuclear envelope

This structure is MOST LIKELY:
  • A) SER
  • B) RER
  • C) Golgi body
  • D) Lysosome
Chapter 8 – Cell: The Unit of Life
Q85. Which of the following is a CORRECT functional pairing?
  • A) SER → Lipid synthesis + detoxification of drugs
  • B) Golgi → ATP synthesis
  • C) Lysosomes → Protein synthesis
  • D) Ribosomes → Cell digestion
Chapter 8 – Cell: The Unit of Life
Q86. A cell placed in a hypertonic solution shows shrinkage of cytoplasm but plasma membrane remains attached at few points due to plasmodesmata. This condition is BEST defined as:
  • A) Deplasmolysis
  • B) Incipient plasmolysis
  • C) Full plasmolysis
  • D) Partial plasmolysis
Chapter 8 – Cell: The Unit of Life
Q87. During meiosis, crossing over occurs when:

• Synaptonemal complex is fully formed
• Non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange segments
• Occurs during Pachytene stage

What does this result in?
  • A) Chromatid duplication
  • B) Recombination → increased genetic variability
  • C) Chromosome non-disjunction
  • D) Apoptosis
Chapter 8 – Cell: The Unit of Life
Q88. A geneticist finds a cell with:

• Well-developed nucleus
• Several membrane-bound organelles
• 80S ribosomes in cytoplasm
• 70S ribosomes inside certain organelles

This indicates:
  • A) The cell is prokaryotic
  • B) The cell is eukaryotic with endosymbiotic organelles
  • C) The cell is in S-phase
  • D) The cell is without mitochondria
Chapter 8 – Cell: The Unit of Life
Q89. Which of the following correctly matches microtubule functions with associated structures?
  • A) Spindle fibres – made of actin
  • B) Cilia & flagella – 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules
  • C) Centrioles – composed of 9 + 0 actin bundles
  • D) Microvilli – contain microtubules
Chapter 8 – Cell: The Unit of Life
Q90. A yeast cell is observed undergoing budding. Which cell-cycle characteristic is MOST accurate?
  • A) Daughter cell is genetically different from parent cell
  • B) Daughter cell receives full-sized nucleus but smaller cytoplasm
  • C) Nuclear division is meiotic
  • D) Cell wall is lost
Chapter 8 – Cell: The Unit of Life
Q91. Identify the structure:

• Two subunits (large and small)
• Made of ribonucleoproteins
• Dissociates after translation
• Reads mRNA 5’ to 3’

This is:
  • A) Lysosome
  • B) Ribosome
  • C) Golgi vesicle
  • D) Centriole
Chapter 8 – Cell: The Unit of Life
Q92. A cell treated with colchicine fails to form spindle fibres. What is the MOST LIKELY outcome?
  • A) Cytokinesis stops
  • B) Chromosomes fail to segregate accurately
  • C) Nuclear envelope dissolves prematurely
  • D) DNA replication stops
Chapter 8 – Cell: The Unit of Life
Q93. Which of the following is TRUE for nuclear pore complexes?
  • A) They allow only ions to pass through
  • B) They block entry of ribosomal proteins
  • C) They regulate bidirectional transport between nucleus and cytoplasm
  • D) They are formed only during mitosis
Chapter 8 – Cell: The Unit of Life
Q94. Identify the mismatched pair:
  • A) Tonoplast – vacuolar membrane
  • B) Cristae – inner folds of mitochondria
  • C) Dictyosome – plant Golgi body
  • D) Plasmodesmata – intercellular connections in animals
Chapter 8 – Cell: The Unit of Life
Q95. During cell fractionation, the fraction that sediments at lowest centrifugal speed contains:
  • A) Ribosomes
  • B) Nuclei
  • C) Mitochondria
  • D) Microsomes
NEET-Style Result – Chapter 6
Marking: +4 for correct · –1 for wrong · 0 for unattempted.

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