Answers for Class 8 English Unit-3 Glimpses of the Past
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Comprehension Check (Page 45):
1. Look at picture 1 and recall the opening lines of the original song in Hindi. Who is the singer? Who else do you see in this picture?
Answer:
The opening lines of the Hindi song is “Ae mere waden ke logan, turn kup loko naara: Yeh shub din hai hum sab ka lehralo tiranga pyaara, par mat bulo seema par veron ne hain pran kawayan.” We can see Mrs. Indira Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and Lal Bahadur Shastri in this picture.
2. In picture 2 what do you understand by the Company’s “superior weapons”?
Answer:
The East India Company’s “superior weapons” referred to weapons like cannons and guns with the strong rules of the British rulers.
3. Who is an artisan? Why do you think the artisans suffered? (Picture 3)
Answer:
A person who makes decorative or functional items by hand is us were called an artisan. They suffered as their goods lost their demand in the Indian market because The British imported machine-made goods from England and sold them in large quantities in the Indian market.
4. Which picture, according to you, reveals the first sparks of the fire of revolt?
Answer:
Picture-7 reveals the first sparks of the fire of revolt.
Working with the text (Page 45)
Answer the following questions.
1. Do you think the Indian princes were short-sighted in their approach to the events of 1757?
Answer:
Yes, the Indian princes were short-sighted in their approach. The British became essential rulers who tried to capture the whole country by winning the faith of princesses by helping them to win small battles.
2. How did the East India Company subdue the Indian Princes?
Answer:
The East India Company expanded its business by importing machine-made goods from England and selling them in large quantities in Indian markets. They stand up for one Indian prince to close off another prince. This transfers power into their hands.
3. Quote the words used by Ram Mohan Roy to say that every religion teaches the same principles.
Answer:
Ram Mohan Roy says this quote to his wife Uma- “Cows are of different colors, but the colour of their milk is the same. Different teachers have different opinions but the essence of every religion is the same.”
4. In what ways did the British officers exploit Indians?
Answer:
The British exploited the Indians in many ways. The British rulers passed an aim to send an Indian to jail without any legal action in court. They reduced the import duty on goods manufactured in England and imported into India. The authorities imposed heavy taxes on farmers.
5. Name these people.
- The ruler who fought pitched battles against the British and died fighting.
- The person who wanted to reform the society.
- The person who recommended the introduction of English education in India.
- Two popular leaders who led the revolt (choices may vary.)
Answer:
- Tipu Sultan of Mysore
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy of Bengal
- Lord Macaulay
- Kunwar Singh, Begum Hazrat Mahal, Nana Sahib Peshwa
6. Mention the following.
- Two examples of social practices prevailing then.
- Two oppressive policies of the British.
- Two ways in which common people suffered.
- Four reasons for the discontent that led to the 1857 War of Independence.
Answer:
- Child marriage and untouchability
- The British imposed no import duties on goods made in England, which stifled Indian cottage industries and The British continued to oppress Indians in 1818, under which an Indian could be imprisoned without trial.
- Farmers were heavily taxed and the thumbs of skilled workers were cut off.
- (a) The Santhals who lost their land were frustrated and revolted (b) Soldiers in the British army were paid much less than white soldiers. So they became dissatisfied and angry. (c) The Brahmins were furious when they learned that the bullets they were supposed to bite contained cow fat and pig fat. (d) Many landlords were angry because the policies of the British deprived them of their land and land.
Working With Language (Page 45)
1. Change the following sentences into indirect speech.
(i) First man: We must educate our brothers.
Second man: And try to improve their material conditions.
Third man: For that we must convey our grievances to the British Parliament.
a) The first man said that __________________________________
b) The second man added that___________________________________
c) The third man suggested that______________________________________
(ii) First soldier: The white soldier gets huge pay, mansions and servants.
Second soldier: We get a pittance and slow promotions.
Third soldier: Who are the British to abolish our customs?
a) The first soldier said that _______________________________
b) The second soldier remarked that ______________________
c) The third soldier asked __________________________________________
Answer:
(i)
(a) The first man said that they must educate their brothers.
(b) The second man added that they must try to improve their material conditions.
(c) The third man suggested that they must convey their grievances to the British Parliament.
(ii)
(a) The first soldier said that the white soldier got huge pay, mansions, and servants.
(b) The second soldier remarked that they got a pittance and slow promotions.
(c) The third soldier asked who the British were to abolish their customs.